A painting robot mainly consists of the robot body, a computer, and the corresponding control system. Hydraulically driven painting robots also include a hydraulic oil source, such as an oil pump, oil tank, and motor. Most commonly, they adopt a 5 or 6-degree-of-freedom joint structure, giving the arm a large range of motion and the capability to perform complex trajectory movements. The wrist typically has 2 to 3 degrees of freedom, allowing for flexible movement. More advanced painting robots feature a flexible wrist that can bend in all directions and rotate, mimicking the movements of a human wrist. This enables the robot to easily extend through small holes into the interior of a workpiece to spray its inner surface.

Painting robots generally use hydraulic drives, characterized by fast action and good explosion-proof performance. They can be programmed either through hand-held teaching or point-to-point teaching. Painting robots are widely used in industries such as automotive, instrumentation, electrical appliances, and enamel production.